A-966492

A-966492 is one of the most potent PARP inhibitors. This compound displays excellent potency against the PARP-1 enzyme with a K_iof 1 nM and an EC50 of 1 nM in a whole cell assay. It significantly enhances the efficacy of TMZ in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, this chemical is orally bioavailable across multiple species, crosses the blood−brain barrier, and appears to distribute into tumor tissue. It represents a promising, structurally diverse benzimidazole analogue and is being further characterized preclinically. [1]

A-966492 also demonstrates good in vivo efficacy in a B16F10 subcutaneous murine melanoma model in combination and in an MX-1 breast cancer xenograft model both as a single agent and in combination. In addition, this compound has excellent pharmaceutical properties and has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in preclinical mouse tumor models in combination with TMZ, as well as single agent activity in a BRCA1-deficient MX-1 tumor model. It is further characterized in Sprague−Dawley rats, beagle dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys, with this chemical demonstrating oral bioavailabilities of 34−72% and half-lives of 1.7−1.9 hours. In vivo, it demonstrates significant enhancement of the efficacy of TMZ in a murine B16F10 syngeneic melanoma model, with the combination groups showing superior efficacy. [1]

• Saggio enzimatico PARP

  Il saggio enzimatico viene condotto in un tampone contenente 50 mM Tris, pH 8,0, 1 mM ditiotreitolo (DTT) e 4 mM MgCl₂. Le reazioni PARP contengono 1,5 μM [³H]-NAD⁺ (1,6 μCi/mmol), 200 nM di istone H1 biotinilato, 200 nM di slDNA e 1 nM di enzima PARP-1 o 4 nM di enzima PARP-2. Le auto-reazioni che utilizzano la rilevazione basata su perline SPA vengono eseguite in volumi di 100 μL in piastre a 96 pozzetti bianche. Le reazioni vengono avviate aggiungendo 50 μL di miscela di substrato NAD⁺ 2X a 50 μL di miscela enzimatica 2× contenente PARP e DNA. Queste reazioni vengono terminate con l'aggiunta di 150 μL di 1,5 mM benzamide (circa 1 × 10³ volte il suo IC50). Un volume di 170 μL delle miscele di reazione bloccate viene trasferito su piastre Flash rivestite di streptavidina, incubato per 1 ora e contato utilizzando un contatore a scintillazione per micropiastre TopCount. I dati di K_i sono determinati da curve di inibizione a varie concentrazioni di substrato.

• Linee cellulari

  C41 cell

• Concentrazioni

  ~10 nM

• Tempo di incubazione

  30 minutes

• Metodo

  C41 cells are treated with A-966492 for 30 minutes in a 96-well plate. PARP are activated by damaging DNA with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 10 minutes. Cells are washed with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) once and fixed with prechilled methanol/acetone (7:3) at -20 °C for 10 minutes. After they are air-dried, plates are rehydrated with PBS and blocked using 5% nonfat dry milk in PBS-Tween(0.05%) (blocking solution) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells are incubated with anti-PAR antibody 10H (1:50) in blocking solution at room temperature for 60 minutes followed by washing with PBS-Tween20 five times, and incubation with goat antimouse 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC)-coupled antibody (1:50) and 1 μg/mL 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in blocking solution at room temperature for 60 minutes. After washing with PBS-Tween20 5 times, analysis is performed using an fmax Fluorescence Microplate Reader set at the excitation and emission wavelength for FITC or the excitation and emission wavelength for DAPI. PARP activity (FITC signal) is normalized with cell numbers (DAPI).

• Modelli animali

  A 0.2 cc amount of a 1:10 dilution of tumor brei in 45% Matrigel and 45% Spinner MEM is injected subcutaneously into the flank of female SCID mice.

• Dosaggi

  12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day, for 14 days

• Somministrazione

  Orally administrated