AMPK Attivatori/Inibitori (AMPK Activators/Inhibitors)

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis as the principal energy sensor in most eukaryotic cells. In response to stress, AMPK activation switches on catabolic pathways that generate ATP while simultaneously inactivating biosynthetic pathways that consume ATP.  [show the full text]

Prodotti selettivi di isoforme

N. Cat. Nome del prodotto Informazioni Citazioni di utilizzo del prodotto Validazioni del prodotto
S7306 Dorsomorphin Dihydrochloride Dorsomorphin 2HCl è un potente, reversibile, selettivo inibitore di AMPK con Ki di 109 nM in saggi senza cellule, che non mostra una significativa inibizione di diverse chinasi strutturalmente correlate tra cui ZAPK, SYK, PKCθ, PKA e JAK3. Inibisce anche l'attività del recettore BMP di tipo I. La Dorsomorphin induce l'autophagy nelle linee cellulari tumorali.
J Clin Invest, 2025, e190215
Redox Biol, 2025, 81:103532
Redox Biol, 2025, 82:103606
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S1208 Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Hydrochloride Doxorubicin (DOX) HCl è un agente antibiotico che inibisce la DNA topoisomerase II umana con IC50 di 2,67 μM. La Doxorubicin riduce la fosforilazione basale di AMPK. La Doxorubicin viene utilizzata nel trattamento concomitante di pazienti infetti da HIV ma si è scoperto che è ad alto rischio di riattivazione dell'HBV.Questo prodotto può precipitare quando disciolto in soluzione PBS. Si raccomanda di preparare la soluzione madre in acqua pura e diluire con acqua pura o soluzione fisiologica per ottenere la soluzione di lavoro.Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl può essere utilizzato per indurre modelli animali di malattia renale.
American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, May 1, 2025, G594-G609
Translational Oncology, January 2025, 102204
Research Square, February 21, 2024, nan
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S1950 Metformin Hydrochloride Metformin Hydrochloride (Cloridrato di 1,1-Dimetilbiguanide) è un Agente Antiperglicemico altamente efficace, che diminuisce principalmente l'iperglicemia negli epatociti sopprimendo la gluconeogenesi epatica (produzione di glucosio da parte del fegato). Promuove anche la Mitophagy nelle cellule mononucleate e induce l'apoptosi delle cellule di cancro ai polmoni attraverso l'attivazione della via JNK/p38 MAPK e GADD153.
Cell Biosci, 2025, 15(1):156
mBio, 2025, e0063425
Placenta, 2025, 165:50-61
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S8161 ON123300 ON123300 è un potente inibitore di chinasi multi-bersaglio con IC50 di 3,9 nM, 5 nM, 26 nM, 26 nM, 9,2 nM e 11 nM per CDK4, Ark5/NUAK1, PDGFRβ, FGFR1, RET (c-RET) e Fyn, rispettivamente.
Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00231-9
Cell Rep, 2024, 43(7):114446
J Cell Sci, 2021, jcs.258685
S1396 Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol) Il Resveratrol ha un ampio spettro di bersagli tra cui le cicloossigenasi (cioè COX, IC50=1.1 μM), le lipoossigenasi (LOX, IC50=2.7 μM), le chinasi, le sirtuine e altre proteine. Ha effetti antitumorali, antinfiammatori, ipoglicemizzanti e altri effetti cardiovascolari benefici. Il Resveratrol induce mitofagia/autofagia e apoptosi dipendente dall'autofagia.
PLoS One, 2026 Mar 16, e0344872
PLoS One, 2026 Mar 16, e0344872
Theranostics, 2026, 16(9):4768-4786
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S7840 Dorsomorphin (Compound C) La Dorsomorphin è un potente inibitore reversibile e selettivo di AMPK con un Ki di 109 nM in saggi senza cellule, che non mostra una significativa inibizione di diverse chinasi strutturalmente correlate, tra cui ZAPK, SYK, PKCθ, PKA e JAK3. La Dorsomorphin inibisce selettivamente i recettori di tipo I di BMP ALK2, ALK3 e ALK6. La Dorsomorphin viene utilizzata per promuovere la differenziazione cellulare specifica e indurre l'autofagia delle linee cellulari tumorali. Per i test cellulari, si raccomanda la S7306 Dorsomorphin 2HCl idrosolubile.
Int Immunol, 2026, dxag005
Nucleic Acids Res, 2025, 53(22)gkaf1397
Theranostics, 2025, 15(12):5931-5952
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S1802 AICAR (Acadesine) AICAR (Acadesine, NSC105823, AICA Riboside), un attivatore di AMPK, provoca l'accumulo di ZMP, che mima l'effetto stimolante dell'AMP su AMPK e AMPK chinasi. Questo composto induce la mitophagy. Fase 3.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):8478
Theranostics, 2025, 15(15):7567-7583
Glia, 2025, 73(11):2253-2272
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S2697 A-769662 A-769662 è un potente, reversibile attivatore di AMPK con un EC50 di 0,8 μM in saggi acellulari, con scarso effetto sull'attività GPPasi/FBPasi.
FEBS J, 2025, 10.1111/febs.70247
Arch Biochem Biophys, 2025, 769:110433
J Clin Invest, 2024, 134(22)e181314
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S5958 Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) La Metformin (1,1-dimetilbiguanide), un farmaco ampiamente utilizzato per il trattamento del diabete di tipo 2, attiva la AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) negli epatociti. La Metformin promuove la mitophagy nelle cellule mononucleate. La Metformin induce l'apoptosi delle cellule di cancro del polmone attraverso l'attivazione della via JNK/p38 MAPK e GADD153.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):271
Theranostics, 2025, 15(17):9029-9046
Int J Biol Sci, 2025, 21(9):4231-4251
S7898 GSK621 GSK621 è un attivatore specifico e potente dell'AMPK.
Front Pharmacol, 2024, 15:1453647
Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1):5205
Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):2994
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AMPK exists as a heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a catalytic α-subunit (α1 or α2) and regulatory β-subunit (β1 or β2) and γ- subunit (γ1, γ2 or γ3). The structure of the α-subunit consists of a conventional Ser/Thr kinase domain at the N-terminal, an auto-inhibitory domain (AID), an extended linker peptide and the α-subunit C-terminal domain (α-CTD). The β-subunit contains a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), with the β-subunit C-terminal domain (β-CTD) interacting with both the α-CTD and the amino terminus of the γ-subunit, thus forming the core of the complex. The γ-subunit includes four tandem repeats of a sequence motif, termed a CBS repeat (cystathionine β-synthase, CBS1-4), that forms a flattened disk with one repeat in each quadrant to create four potential ligand binding sites in the centre (site 1-4). AMPK activity increases more than 100-fold when the conserved Thr172 residue in the activation loop of the catalytic α-subunit is phosphorylated by upstream AMPK kinases (AMPKK) such as LKB1 requiring the change in AMP or ADP levels, and CaMKKβ (CaMKK2) in response to increases in cell Ca2+. AMP binding to ligand binding site 1 of the γ subunit allosterically activates the AMPK complex by facilitating the phosphorylation of Thr172 in the catalytic α-subunit, whereas binding of AMP or ADP to site 3 modulates the phosphorylation state of Thr172. In addition to allosteric activation by AMP, the effects on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Thr172 can also be produced by ADP, which requires N-terminal myristylation of the β-subunit. [1][2]

AMPK is activated by various types of metabolic stress (glucose deprivation, hypoxia, ischemia, metabolic poisons, or muscle contraction), as well as drugs and xenobiotics (metformin, resveratrol, or berberine) through the classical or canonical mechanisms, which involve increases in cellular AMP, ADP or Ca2+. The metformin for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes indirectly activates AMPK by increasing cellular AMP and ADP, usually by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Additionally, AMPK activated by resveratrol or metformin upregulates genes involved in oxidative metabolism and oxidative stress resistance by regulating transcription factors of the abnormal dauer formation 16 (DAF-16)/forkhead box O (FOXO) family, contributing to its effects on extending healthy lifespan. Some types of cellular stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damaging agents (etoposide, doxorubicin and ionizing radiation) activate AMPK by non-canonical mechanisms that involve ATM rather than the increases in AMP, ADP or Ca2+ levels. Activation of AMPK enhances both the transcription and translocation of GLUT4, resulting in an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In LKB1-knockout but not AMPKα1-knockout mice, the effects of both AICAR and contraction on glucose uptake are lost. In addition, AMPK also stimulates other catabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis via inhibition of ACC2 and activation of PFKFB. AMPK is also involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of PGC1α, and the turnover of mitochondria via the special form of autophagy termed mitophagy by activating ULK1, and subsequently triggering autophagy. In addition, mTOR complex-1 (TORC1) can be inhibited by AMPK mediated phosphorylation of both its upstream regulator, TSC2, and the TORC1 subunit Raptor. Consistent with its role in cellular energy homeostasis, AMPK also conserves ATP by switching off almost all anabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and ribosomal RNA. Moreover, AMPK also functions beyond metabolism through regulation of the cell cycle and modulation of membrane excitability. As LKB1 is a tumor suppressor and is frequently mutated in spontaneous cancers, AMPK-activating drugs such as metformin or A-769662 significantly protect against the development of cancer. [1][2]